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Official Journal of the American Society for Reproductive
Medicine, Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility,
Society
of Reproductive Surgeons, Society for Assisted Reproductive
Technology, Society for Male Reproduction and
Urology, Pacific Coast Reproductive
Society, and the Canadian
Fertility and Andrology Society
Fertility and Sterility® is an international journal for
obstetricians, gynecologists,
reproductive endocrinologists, urologists, basic scientists
and others who treat and investigate problems
of infertility and
human reproductive disorders as well as issues related to women's
health. The journal's mission is to: publish peer-reviewed
original scientific
articles in clinical and laboratory research relevant to reproductive
endocrinology, infertility, developmental biology,
urology,
andrology, physiology, immunology, genetics, contraception, and
menopause that will support evidence-based practice and opinions
in reproductive science and clinical medicine; publish timely review
articles; editorials, committee opinions and practice guidelines
that
act as an authoritative resource and define professionalism as well
as set high ethical standards for clinical reproductive medicine
and
basic reproductive science.
PERMISSION REQUESTS
Permission requests are handled by Elsevier Inc., Philadelphia.
Please
contact the permissions editor at: healthpermissions@elsevier.com.
PUBMED CENTRAL POLICY
Manuscripts submitted
that acknowledge NIH grant support will
automatically be submitted to Pubmed Central and available to all
in an open access format beginning
one year from the date of publication
in a print issue.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
Only those manuscripts which are original,
have not been published
elsewhere, and are not currently being considered for inclusion
in another publication will be considered for
publication in Fertility and Sterility®. Authors are advised to keep a copy of all manuscripts
submitted. All manuscripts
(meaning all submission items, including
all text, tables, artwork, cover letters, conflict of interest disclosures,
and any other required
materials) must be submitted to
the Fertility and Sterility® Editorial Office through the Elsevier
Editorial System (EES)
website for this journal at http://ees.elsevier.com/fns. Do not mail, email, or fax your manuscripts to
the editorial
office. In an accompanying cover letter, authors shouldstate that the material contained in the manuscript has not been
published,
has not been submitted, or is not being submitted elsewhere
for publication. Include the names and contact information
(phone, address,
email, fax), of three reviewers who would be qualified
to review your manuscript.
All manuscripts will be evaluated by peer reviewers
who will
remain anonymous. These peer reviews may or may not be the reviewers
suggested by the author, and selection of the peer reviewers
is in the sole discretion of the Fertility and Sterility® Editorial Office.
The editors do not disclose any information
about a manuscript submitted
for review or its contents to anyone other than the reviewers. If
revisions are required, authors are
asked to return the revised manuscripts
within 60 days. Please notify the editorial office if additional
time is needed or if you
choose not to submit a revision.
Word limits are 3500 words for Modern Trends and other review
articles, 2500 words for clinical articles
and reproductive biology,
and 1500 words for case reports, correspondences, and techniques
and instrumentation. The word limit does not
include the running
title, title page, capsule, or abstract.
If you wish, you may include additional information (such as an
expanded
materials and methods section, or additional figures) as
supplemental material. This supplemental material will be published
in the online
version only, and will be referenced in the print version.
Please indicate in your cover letter which sections are intended to be
supplemental
material and submit the supplemental material in a separate
file.
Submission items include a cover letter, manuscript (including the
running title, title page, capsule, structured abstract, manuscript text,
references, and table/figure legends), tables, figures, and
conflict of
interest disclosure forms. The cover letter should identify the person
(with the address, telephone number, fax number, and
e-mail) responsible
for correspondence concerning the manuscript. Revised manuscripts
should also be accompanied by a unique file (separate
from
the covering letter) with responses to reviewers' comments. The preferred
order of files is as follows: cover letter, revision notes
(revised
manuscript only), manuscript file(s), table(s), figure(s), and disclosure
forms. Files should be labeled with appropriate and
descriptive
file names (e.g., SmithText.doc, Fig1.eps, Table 3.doc). Upload each
table and figure as individual files separate from the
manuscript. Do
not import figures or tables into the text document. Your manuscript
should be in Word (doc) format. Tables may be inWord
(doc) or Excel
(xls) format. Figures should be in tiff, eps, ppt, or doc format. Do
not submit your manuscript, tables, or figures as
pdf files. Disclosure
forms may be submitted in any format. Complete instructions for
electronic artwork submission can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorsview.authors/authorartworkinstructions.
All correspondence regarding submitted manuscripts will be handled
via e-mail through EES. Send all other
correspondence to:
Alan H. DeCherney, M.D.
Editor-in-Chief, Fertility and Sterility®
American Society for Reproductive
Medicine (ASRM)
1209 Montgomery Highway
Birmingham, AL 35216
P: 205-978-5000 x139
F: 205-978-5012
E: fertstert@asrm.org
Prior to publication, the author(s) must sign and return the "Assignment
of Copyright and Financial Subsidy Disclosure Form.''
This form
will be supplied by the publisher. The manuscript, when
published, will become the property of the journal and the copyright
interest
in the manuscript will be registered in the name of the publisher,
the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. No responsibility
is
assumed by the Editor, the American Society for
Reproductive Medicine, or the Publisher for any injury and/or damage
to persons or property
as a matter of products liability, negligence
or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,
instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS
Fertility and Sterility® follows the "Uniform
Requirements for
Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.'' Manuscripts must
be typed double-spaced with margins of at least 25
mm (1 in).
Manuscripts will not be acceptable for publication unless they
meet the following editorial requirements. Each of
the following
manuscript components should begin on a new page in the following
sequence.
Page 1, Running Title: a maximum
of 40 spaces and letters;
Page 2, Title Page: provide the full title, full name, highest
awarded academic degree, and institutional
affiliation of each author.
All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship. The
order of authorship should be a joint
decision of the coauthors. Each
author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public
responsibility for the content.
In general, no more than eight authors
is considered appropriate; if more are necessary, explain in your
cover letter how each author
contributed to the research. Indicate
a corresponding author for reprints, and give full contact information.
Also include statements
disclosing any potential conflicts of interest
and acknowledging any financial support (grant number, institution,
and location);
Page 3, Capsule: a 30-word summary of the abstract, which will
be published in the Table of Contents. The final conclusions should
be described;
Page 4, Structured Abstract and Key Words: The abstract
should present the study objective, design, setting,
patients, interventions,
main outcome measure(s), results, and conclusions. The
abstract should also emphasize new and important aspects
of the
study or observation and tract may not exceed 200 words. Below
the abstract provide 3 to 10 key words or short phrases that will
assist
indexers in cross-indexing the article. For a correspondence, provide
a two-sentence narrative abstract instead of a structured
abstract.
Begin your manuscript on Page 5: Manuscripts should be no longer
than 2500 words and include a maximum of 4 total
tables and figures.
The following components should be identified: Introduction,
Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments,
References, and Figure Legends. Begin references on a new page.
Units of Measurement. Measurements of length, height, weight,
and volume should be reported in metric units (meter, kilogram, or liter)
or their decimal multiples. Temperatures should be given in
degrees Celsius.All hematologic and clinical-chemistrymeasurements
should be reported in the metric systemin conventional units. If values
are represented in SI units, the conversion factor must be included.
Statistical Validation. When describing statistical
analyses that
have been performed, tests that were used to evaluate a specific
data set must be clearly indicated. When data are presented
in tables,
indicate the statistical test(s) that was used to evaluate the data with
a footnote. When possible, quantify findings
and present them with
appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as
confidence intervals). Define statistical terms,
abbreviations, and
most symbols.
Abbreviations and Symbols. Use only standard abbreviations.
Define all abbreviations on first
usage, except universal abbreviations;
see the Manuscript Format file (found at http://ees.elsevier.com/fns, under "Author
Files") for a list of universal abbreviations.Acknowledgments. Persons who have contributed intellectually
to the paper but whose
contributions do not justify authorship may
be named and their function or contribution described, e.g. "scientific
adviser," "data collections,"
or "participation in clinical trial." Such
persons must have given their permission to be named. Authors are
responsible for obtaining
written permission from the persons acknowledged
by name, because readers may infer their endorsement
of the data and conclusions.
References. Number references consecutively in the order in
which they are first mentioned in the text. References appearing for
the first time in tables and figures must be numbered in sequence
with those cited in the text where the table or figure is mentioned.
References are identified by Arabic numerals in parentheses. Unpublished observations, and personal communications may not
be used
as references, although references to written, not oral communications
may be inserted (in parentheses) in the text. Abstracts
published
in a citable journal may be cited. To cite a paper accepted
but not yet published, state "In Press" in place of the volume information,
and include the paper's DOI number. Information from manuscripts
submitted but not yet accepted should be cited in the text as
"unpublished
observations" (in parentheses). If author's(s') own papers
are quoted as "In press" in the reference list, two copies of such
papers
must be provided so that the referees can properly assess the
paper submitted. References must be verified by the author(s) against
the
original documents. The titles of journals should be abbreviated
according to the style used in Index Medicus. List all authors in an
article, but if the number exceeds six, give six followed by et al.
Examples of References
Journal Article
1. Flisser E, Scott RT, Copperman AT. Patient-friendly IVF: how
should it be defined?. Fertil Steril 2007;88:547-9.
Books
2. Colson JH, Armour WJ. Sports injuries and their treatment. 2nd
rev. ed. London: S. Paul, 1986. 3. Diener HC, Wilkinson M, eds.
Drug-induced headache. New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1988. 4. Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathologic properties of invading microorganisms.
In: Sodeman WA Jr, Sodeman WA, eds. Pathologic
physiology: mechanisms of disease. Vol. 1. Philadelphia:
WB Saunders, 1974:457-72.
Letter
6. Stein A. [letter]. Fertil Steril 2007;88:756.
In Press
7. Lillywhite HB, Donald JA. Pulmonary blood
flow regulation in
an aquatic snake. Fertil Steril, In Press, DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.
2007.06.043.
Website
8. American
Society for Reproductive Medicine. Headlines in
reproductive medicine. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/headlines/. Accessed
May 6, 2010.
Tables. Should be typed double-spaced on separate pages, and
they should be titled and numbered in Arabic numerals
(not Roman
numerals) in the order of their first citation in the text. Do not submit
tables as photographs. Give each column a short
heading. Place
explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. For footnotes
use the following symbols, in this sequence: a,
b, c, d, e, f. Do not
use internal horizontal and vertical rules.
Illustrations. Figures should be professionally drawn
and photographed;
freehand or typewritten lettering is unacceptable. Each figure
should be submitted in a separate tiff, eps, ppt, or
doc file, at
a resolution of 300 dpi for photos and 1200 dpi for line art. Lettering
and identifying marks should be clear, and type
size should be consistent
on each figure. Capital letters should be used for specific areas
of identification in a figure. Symbols, lettering,
and numbering
should be distinctly recognizable so that when the figure is reduced
for publication each item will still be legible. Titles
and detailed explanations
belong in the legends for illustrations, not on the illustrations
themselves. Slides are not acceptable. There
is a page charge for
color photographs, with the exception of color graphs and color
charts. There is a maximum of one illustration
and/or table for
every 600 words (approximately 3 typewritten pages). Additional
tables or figures may be submitted as supplemental
material, and will
be published in the online version only.
Legends. Do not include figure legends in the same file as the
figure; place them instead on a page at the end of your manuscript.
Permissions. Materials taken from other sources must be
accompanied
by a written statement from the copyright holder giving permission
to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine for
reproduction in Fertility and Sterility®.
Video Clips/Animation. For information about includingmedia files,
such as video clips or animations, please refer to the following: http://authors.elsevier.com/ArtworkInstructions.html?dc?AI43
/ pdf version.
Tracking Your Manuscript. Authors can track the progress of
a manuscript on the journal's website (www.ees.elsevier.com/fns)
by logging into their accounts with their user name and password.Online publication. Articles that are accepted
for publication are
now listed in the "Articles In Press" section of the journal's website
(www.fertstert.org).
Errata. Errata are published in the journal, but if an erratum represents
the author's failure to pick up a mistake on the galley
proofs,
this will be noted in the erratum. A corrigendum may also be published,
in which the error and correction will be published together.
INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD/INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL
CARE AND USE COMMITTEE (IACUC) APPROVAL
A written statement must be attached with
the original correspondence
indicating whether or not Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval
was obtained or equivalent guidelines
followed in accordance
with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 on human experimentation; if
not, an explanation must be provided. In addition,
a statement of IRB
status (approved, waived, or other) must be included in the Materials
and Methods section of your manuscript. Similarly,
a written statement
confirming approval by appropriate IACUC must be included
for research involving animals. Any manuscript submitted
without
appropriate IRB or IACUC approval will not be reviewed and will
be returned to the authors.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
All clinical trials submitted for publication must show proof of
clinical trail registration in the NIH Protocol Registration System.
This is in keeping with policies adopted by the International Committee
of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). In addition, the FDA now
requires by law that all clinical trials of an investigational new
drug be registered. For more information and to register a trial,
see
http://prsinfo.clinicaltrials.gov.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Fertility and Sterility® now uses
the ICMJE Uniform Disclosure
Form for Potential Conflicts of Interest. Each author must complete
and sign the form, which can be found
at http://www.icmje.org.
Please include these forms with your original submission. All authors
must disclose any commercial
interest, financial interest, and/or other
relationship with manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, laboratory
supplies, and/or medical devices
and with commercial providers of
medically related services. All relationships must be disclosed. All
non-FDA-approved uses of products
must be clearly identified.
Commercial interest is defined as any proprietary entity producing,
marketing, re-selling, distributing,
or otherwise participating in
or profiting from the distribution, promotion, or sale of health care
goods or services consumed by, or
used on, patients.
Financial interests/relationships are those in which the individual
benefits by receiving a salary, royalty,
intellectual property rights,
consulting fee, honoraria, ownership interest (e.g., stocks, stock
options, or other ownership interest,
excluding diversified mutual
funds), or other financial benefit. Financial benefits usually are associated
with roles such as employment,
management position, independent
contractor (including contracted research), consulting,
speaking and teaching, membership on advisory
committees or
review panels, board membership, and other activities from which
remuneration is received or expected. This includes any
financial
relationships within the last twelve months, as well as known financial
relationships of your spouse or partner.
Include
all disclosures on the title page of your manuscript, as well.
ETHICS IN PUBLISHING
Authors
Conditions of Authorship
Authors should have made significant
conceptual, intellectual, experimental, and analytical contributions
to the research, as well as
having participated in writing and revising
the manuscript. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to
take
public responsibility for its content. Honorary authorship (i.e., not adhering to the conditions of authorship
and nonetheless being
granted authorship) is not permitted.
Responsibilities of Authors Authors must describe the research
in sufficient detail such
that others could repeat it. Written, informed consent under protocols approved by an institutional
or local review board or approved
animal protocols are essential
if the research involves human or animal subjects, respectively.
This information should be stated in
the manuscript and the protocol
number or exempt status of approved protocols should be stated in the
manuscript at the time of submission
for review. Authors of clinical trials are required to register their trial with one
of the ICMJE-recognized trial registries. Selective
reporting of data is inappropriate, especially if unreported
data are in disagreement with the findings of the selectively
reported data.
In accordance with the ICJME, the ASRM supports
publication of negative studies.
Authors should cite publications in the literature
that are relevant
to the uniqueness of the research and should include publications by
others as well as of their own research group.
Previous publication of a preliminary report on the data is permissible
if this is stated clearly in a footnote in the manuscript.
Scientific Misconduct Definition: The DHHS Office of Research
Integrity defines plagiarism, fabrication, and falsification.
The
ASRM accepts these definitions and considers them to constitute
scientific misconduct. Additional unethical behavior that comprises
scientific misconduct includes: submission of results from animal
or clinical research that was conducted without appropriate approval
and written, informed consent; duplicate publication; and honorary
authorship.
Research misconduct occurs when results are falsified,
fabricated
or plagiarized. The actions are willful or intentional in research misconduct,
although the actual definition of misconduct
varies somewhat
by country. This can occur at various times during the
process of proposing, performing or reviewing research.
- Fabrication: Data, results or recording or reporting information
that does not exist.
- Falsification: Changing
research materials, equipment or
processes; omission of data or results. As a consequence, the
research is not accurately represented
in the research records.
- Plagiarism: Using another person's words, ideas, results, and
processes without giving credit
to them constitutes plagiarism.
Self-plagiarism can include multiple publications of essentially
the same manuscript or data in different
journals, books, or
other publications (see "Duplicate Publication" below).
Plagiarism includes the theft of intellectual
property, ideas or
methods such as the use of information gained by personal communication
or during a grant or manuscript review. Plagiarism
also includes
the direct textual copying of your own or another person's
work. Direct copying of 100-250 words or more constitutes plagiarism.
Authorship disputes are not included in this definition. Citation
plagiarism is the failure to credit others with prior discoveries.
Differences
of opinion or honest errors do not constitute misconduct.
Submission without animal or human subjects' oversight
approvals.
Any manuscript submitted without proof of animal or
human subjects approval by institutional or local IRBs will not be
reviewed and will
be returned to the authors.
Duplicate publication. Duplicate publication can take several
forms:
- Duplicate Publication with
other journals. On occasion
ASRM journals may decide to publish an article simultaneously
with another journal, e.g., with consensus
statements
from consensus conferences. Such intention on the part of the
Editor-In-Chief should be discussed with the Publications
Committee
immediately after the two journals have had a discussion
so that Publications Committee members can assess
the appropriateness of such
joint publications and approve
or disapprove.
- Publication of identical data. The ASRM considers that disclosure,
citing the
original publication and obtaining permission
are essential. Without all of these, publication of identical
data is inappropriate and
not permissible.
- "Salami" publications. Dividing data, analysis, and presentation
into "minimally publishable units" is a slippery
slope,
and can be used to extend one data set over several manuscripts.
While this may be acceptable for clarity of presentation and
focus
on specific outcomes in different manuscripts, a motivation
may also be to increase the publication list in an author's CV.
The latter is unethical and unacceptable.
Investigation of scientific misconduct. All cases of suspected
misconduct
will be investigated initially by the Editor-In-Chief and
the Publications Committee of the American Society for Reproductive
Medicine
to determine if the evidence of misconduct is sufficient
to proceed with a formal inquiry. If so, the author will be notified of
the
allegations in writing and will be asked to provide information
useful to the investigation which may include but not be limited to
access
to all original data, notes, and copies of prior publications.
The author's institution will be contacted, as well. Processing and
publication
of the manuscript will be delayed while the matter is under
consideration and resolved. Confidentiality will be maintained
and care taken
to protect the rights and reputations of all concerned.
The final decision on disposition of the paper and any sanctions
against the
author will be made by the Editor-In-Chief in concert
with the Publications Committee.
Potential sanctions include, but may not be
limited to: rejection of
a manuscript in process; a letter of reprimand to the author with copy
to the authors' institution(s); correction
or retraction of the manuscript,
including a statement in the print journal detailing the nature
of the misconduct; and a ban on publication
in the journal for two or
more years.
Reviewers
Reviewers have the responsibility to objectively and fairly review
the
manuscript. If there is a conflict of interest or if the reviewer does
not have the requisite expertise, then the manuscript should be
immediately
returned to the Editor for reassignment. Strict confidentiality
is required during the review process. Written consent of
the corresponding
author is required if any portion of a manuscript is shared
outside of the standard editorial process before the review
is completed
and accepted for publication.
OFFPRINTS
Offprints may be ordered by using the form that is sent by Elsevier
Inc.
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Announcements regarding meetings, postgraduate courses, and
symposia will be accepted for publication.
For rates and to place
an announcement, contact Ms. Traci Peppers, Classified Advertising
Dept., Elsevier Inc., 360 Park Avenue South,
New York, NY 10010;
tel. 212-633-3766; FAX: 212-633-3820.
POLICY ON ADVERTISING
Advertisements are solicited and placed
by the publisher without
knowledge of the contents or order of the articles in the issue. The
editors do not discuss journal content
with the advertising staff
or companies involved in purchasing advertising space. The Editorin-
Chief reserves the right to reject any
advertisements deemed inappropriate.
However, the acceptance of advertisements does not imply
endorsement or approval of the products
or services by the journal or
by the societies it represents.
REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC ARTICLE TYPES
Modern Trends
Modern Trends submissions should be review articles or topic
overviews totaling approximately 3500 words in length. Manuscripts
should
be prepared according to the format of the journal. Manuscripts
may be submitted online through EES.
Case reports, Techniques and
Instrumentation, and Correspondence
Case reports should be succinct, informative, and limited to 1500
words of text
(not including the running title, title page, capsule, or
abstract). Include a 100-word case report summary in addition to
your capsule
and structured abstract. The title of your case report
as well as the 100-word summary of your article will be published
in the print
issue. The full text of case reports is published online
only.
Techniques and Instrumentation is limited to 1500 words and
three
illustrations (e.g., three figures OR two figures and one table).
A Correspondence represents a precise insight and is
not less of
a contribution than an article in any other format. Correspondence
submissions should be limited to 1500 of text and a maximum
of
one figure or one table. Include a 2-sentence narrative abstract in
place of a structured abstract and do not include section headings.
Letters to the Editor
This section of the journal is set aside for critical comments
directed to a specific article that has
recently been published in the
journal. Letters should be brief (500 words), double-spaced, and limited
to a maximum of 5 citations.
The letters and replies should be
prepared according to journal format. These will only be published
in the on-line (blog) version
of the journal for 6 months and then
stored in the archives which are accessible to readers on-line. Illustrative
material is accepted
only with permission of the Editor. Please
include your complete mailing address, telephone and fax numbers,
and e-mail address with
your correspondence.
The Editor reserves the right to shorten letters, delete objectionable
comments, and make other changes to comply
with the style
of the journal. Letters may be submitted online through EES or
emailed directly to the editorial office at fertstert@asrm.org
Editor's Corner
Brief manuscripts written in editorial fashion on current social,
political, and medical issues pertinent
to reproductive medicine
may be considered for this section. The manuscripts should be double-
spaced and are limited to 1,000 to 1,500
words. Include a twosentence
narrative abstract in place of the structured abstract.
Special Contributions
Special Contributions
may take a variety of formats, such as review
articles, commentaries, historical documents, and manuscripts
on topics that are unusual
for the journal. In general, shorter contributions
should be organized the same way as correspondences or editorials,
and reviews or
longer manuscripts should be constructed as
clinical articles. Please consult the editorial office for guidance on
preparing your contribution
for submission.
Images in Reproductive Medicine
Appropriate images to be submitted for this section include photographs
of surgical or physical findings, photomicrographs, and ultrasound
images with clinical correlates. The images must be original
and previously
unpublished. Most often, one or two pictures will
be appropriate, although more may be acceptable. The images and
manuscript must fit
onto one journal page. Manuscripts should be prepared according to the usual journal format.
Prospective authors should submit three
figures in a separate tiff,
jpg, or eps file. Written materials should be original and brief (150
words), double-spaced, and limited
to a maximum of 5 references.
(Consider limiting to 2 editions or print in on-line only since these
are rarely cited and may affect our
impact factor) Please include
a complete mailing address, telephone and fax numbers, and an
e-mail address, if available, with the manuscript.
Submit articles online through EES. Questions may be addressed
to: Richard J. Paulson, M.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Women's and Children's Hospital, Room 8-K-9, LAC-USC
Medical Center, 1240 North Mission Road, Los Angeles, California
90033 (Telephone:
323-226-3026; FAX: 323-226-2850; e-mail:rpaulson@usc.edu).
Monographs, Supplements, and Compilations
Supplements
are paginated like a regular journal issue and consist
of peer-reviewed original research. The cover is clearly identified
with the volume
and number, and the articles can be cited. Monographs
are not peer reviewed, are not identified as part of the regular
journal,
are not paginated, and cannot be cited. Compilations
are previously published journal articles with an index indicating
where
each article was published. All requests for publication of
monographs, supplements, or compilations should be referred to
the Publications
Committee.
Updated June 2010
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